Humidifiers: Air moisture eases skin, breathing symptoms
Humidifiers can ease
problems caused by dry air. But they need regular maintenance. Here are tips to
ensure your humidifier doesn't become a household health hazard.
Dry sinuses,
bloody noses and cracked lips — humidifiers can help soothe these familiar
problems caused by dry indoor air. Humidifiers can also help ease symptoms of a
cold or another respiratory condition.
But be
cautious: Although useful, humidifiers can actually make you sick if they
aren't maintained properly or if humidity levels stay too high. If you use
humidifiers, be sure to monitor humidity levels and keep your humidifier clean.
Dirty humidifiers can breed mold or bacteria. If you have allergies or asthma,
talk to your doctor before using a humidifier.
What are humidifiers?
Humidifiers
are devices that emit water vapor or steam to increase moisture levels in the
air (humidity). There are several types:
·
Central humidifiers are
built into home heating and air conditioning systems and are designed to
humidify the whole house.
·
Ultrasonic humidifiers produce
a cool mist with ultrasonic vibration.
·
Impeller humidifiers produce
a cool mist with a rotating disk.
·
Evaporators use a fan to blow
air through a wet wick, filter or belt.
·
Steam vaporizers use
electricity to create steam that cools before leaving the machine. Avoid this
type of humidifier if you have children; hot water inside this type of
humidifier may cause burns if spilled.
Ideal humidity levels
Humidity
is the amount of water vapor in the air. The amount of humidity varies
depending on the season, weather and where you live. Generally, humidity levels
are higher in the summer and lower during winter months. Ideally, humidity in
your home should be between 30 and 50 percent. Humidity that's too low or too
high can cause problems.
·
Low humidity can cause dry skin,
irritate your nasal passages and throat, and make your eyes itchy.
·
High humidity can
make your home feel stuffy and can cause condensation on walls, floors and
other surfaces that triggers the growth of harmful bacteria, dust mites and
molds. These allergens can cause respiratory problems and trigger allergy and asthma
flare-ups.
How to measure humidity
The
best way to test humidity levels in your house is with a hygrometer. This
device, which looks like a thermometer, measures the amount of moisture in the
air. Hygrometers can be purchased at hardware stores and department stores.
When buying a humidifier, consider purchasing one with a built-in hygrometer
(humidistat) that maintains humidity within a healthy range.
Humidifiers, asthma
and allergies
If you or your child has asthma or allergies,
talk to your doctor before using a humidifier. Increased humidity may ease
breathing in children and adults who have asthma or allergies, especially
during a respiratory infection such as a cold. But dirty mist or increased
growth of allergens caused by high humidity can trigger or worsen asthma and
allergy symptoms.
When the air's too
damp: Dehumidifiers and air conditioners
Just as air that's dry can be a problem, so
can air that's too moist. When humidity gets too high — common during summer
months — it's a good idea to take steps to reduce indoor moisture. There are
two ways to reduce humidity:
·
Use
an air conditioner. Central or
window-mounted air conditioning units dry the air, keeping indoor humidity at a
comfortable and healthy level.
·
Use
a dehumidifier. These devices
collect excess moisture from the air, lowering humidity levels. Dehumidifiers
work like air conditioners, without the "cooling" effect. They're
often used to help dry out damp basements.
Keep it clean: Dirty
humidifiers and health problems
Dirty reservoirs and filters in humidifiers
can quickly breed bacteria and mold. Dirty humidifiers can be especially problematic
for people with asthma and allergies, but even in healthy people humidifiers
have the potential to trigger flu-like symptoms or even lung infections when
the contaminated mist or steam is released into the air. Steam vaporizers or
evaporators may be less likely to release airborne allergens than may cool-mist
humidifiers.
Tips for keeping your
humidifier clean
To keep humidifiers free of harmful mold,
fungi and bacteria, follow the guidelines recommended by the manufacturer.
These tips for portable humidifiers also can help:
·
Use
distilled or demineralized water. Tap water contains minerals that can create deposits
inside your humidifier that promote bacterial growth. And, when released into
the air, these minerals often appear as white dust on your furniture. You may
also breathe in some minerals that are dispersed into the air. Distilled or
demineralized water has a much lower mineral content compared with tap water.
In addition, use demineralization cartridges or filters if recommended by the
manufacturer.
·
Change
humidifier water often. Don't
allow film or deposits to develop inside your humidifiers. Empty the tanks, dry
the inside surfaces and refill with clean water every day if possible,
especially if using cool mist or ultrasonic humidifiers. Unplug the unit first.
·
Clean
humidifiers every three days. Unplug the humidifier before you clean it. Remove any
mineral deposits or film from the tank or other parts of the humidifier with a
3 percent hydrogen peroxide solution, which is available at pharmacies. Some
manufacturers recommend using chlorine bleach or other disinfectants.
·
Always
rinse the tank after cleaning to keep harmful chemicals from becoming airborne — and
then inhaled.
·
Change
humidifier filters regularly. If the humidifier has a filter, change it at least as
often as the manufacturer recommends — and more often if it's dirty. Also
regularly change the filter in your central air conditioning and heating
system.
·
Keep
the area around humidifiers dry. If the area around a humidifier becomes damp or wet —
including windows, carpeting, drapes or tablecloths — turn the humidifier down
or reduce how frequently you use it.
·
Prepare
humidifiers for storage. Drain
and clean humidifiers before storing them. And then clean them again when you
take them out of storage for use. Throw away all used cartridges, cassettes or
filters.
·
Follow
instructions for central humidifiers. If you have a humidifier built into your central heating
and cooling system, read the instruction manual or ask your heating and cooling
specialist about proper maintenance.
·
Consider
replacing old humidifiers. Over
time, humidifiers can build up deposits that are difficult or impossible to
remove and encourage growth of bacteria.